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Hydraulics is a branch of science and engineering concerned with the mechanical
properties of liquids. Hydraulics deals with practical applications (as the transmission
of energy or the effects of flow) of liquid (as water) in motion. The term is applied
commonly to the study of the mechanical properties of water, other liquids, and
even gases when the effects of compressibility are small. The word "hydraulics"
comes from the Greek word hydraulikos meaning water organ. One of the founders of
modern hydraulics was Benedetto Castelli, a student of Galileo Galilei.
The basic
idea behind any hydraulic system is: Force that is applied at one point is transmitted
to another point using an incompressible fluid. The fluid is almost always an oil
of some sort. The force is almost always multiplied in the process.
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